Parameters overseas investors consider  before investing in India

There is a constant buzz about India having become a hotbed for overseas investors, more so, since the BJP-led government took over the reins of the country in 2014. Add to it the fact that the ‘startup culture’ is at an all time high in the country with more students and corporate professionals jumping onto the entrepreneurship bandwagon than ever before. Given the scenario, there is little reason why investors wouldn’t be all wide-eyed, considering the number of unique and innovative business ideas springing up from across the length and breadth of the country; each of which offers them an opportunity to grow their money multifold. Also, diving into the Indian market gives the investors access to the burgeoning class of Indian Consumers, thereby creating deeper inroads for expansion.

But what is it that lures investors, overseas investors in particular, to put their money in a particular venture? In today’s article, I’ll decode the criteria that investors evaluate before finally taking the leap of faith and putting not only their money, but also time and experience, that will give the businesses the much-needed opportunity for a global footprint.

Image Credits : ShutterstockThese broadly include:

1. The overall economy/ governance of the country
2. Factors specifically related to deciding which business to invest in (this happens after the investors have already narrowed down their search to a particular country and sector)

A) Overall economy/ governance of the country

1. Overall performance of the economy – Amongst the foremost criteria that investors consider is the overall state of the economy of a country. No investor would risk putting their money in a country where the economy is on a downswing, owing to the uncertainty it places on their investments. On the other hand, an economy that had been consistently following the upward trend on the graph is likely to find favor with them.
2. Political stability – Political stability is yet another criterion that is important from an investment standpoint because the regulations and policies governing businesses change, every time a government changes. This can prove to be a big risk for investors, and one that few would want to take.
3. Ease of doing business – Long drawn processes for setting up and operating the business (in terms of completing the paperwork and getting the necessary clearances) can be a big put off for investors. They have no interest in wasting precious time in a system defined by red-tapism and would rather invest their resources where the government regulations and policies are ‘pro-business’. For instance, the Modi government has undertaken a slew of measures to change the long-standing perception of India not being a very ‘business-friendly’ country, and therefore, detrimental to the interest of investors.

Right from introducing a single portal for all businesses to get the necessary clearances for setting up shop in the country (which will have an automatic escalation mechanism, and hence will avoid delays and corruption), to announcing huge initiatives like ‘Make in India’ and ‘Digital India’, the world is suddenly looking up and taking notice of India as a great investment opportunity. And the results are for all to see with several deals already having been signed with countries like Japan, Australia, US etc. and many others underway.

Other countries that rank high in terms of ease of doing business and have thriving economies include Singapore, New Zealand, UK,US, Finland, Hong Kong, Denmark etc.

1. Tax regime – The tax regime applicable to businesses are also important from an investor’s perspective. They would much rather settle for an investment in a country where the tax regime is business friendly instead of one where they constantly need to focus their energies on how to minimize their taxes rather than pursuing more significant business matters. Moreover, issues like retrospective tax that have plagued India in the past are a big dent on a country and are a sure shot way to ‘shoo’ away the investors.
2. Identifying the high growth sectors – After having assessed the government and economy-related criteria, the next thing that investors look out for is the high-growth sectors. They ideally prefer to invest in sectors that either find favor with the government (for instance, the current government is inclined to give infrastructure projects and renewable energy projects a big boost and is offering many sops to investors and entrepreneurs alike) or those that have been performing well consistently over the years or in sunrise sectors that offer great potential in the coming years (the ROI is high in such sectors because even a small investment can yield high returns in a relatively short span of time).

B) Choosing the right venture to invest in

Once the investors narrow down their search to a particular country and also a particular sector, the next step is to evaluate the options in terms of the companies that can yield the maximum returns for them. The vital aspects taken into consideration to arrive at the final decision include:

1. A unique and disruptive value proposition – In a market that sees new ventures coming up every day, investors are always looking for that one idea that stands out from the rest and has the potential to change the landscape of that domain.
2. Return on investment – There can be no better option for investors than to place their bets on a venture that has the potential to create disproportionate value within a relatively small timeframe as compared to other businesses
3. Passionate and driven management team – A great management team can accomplish a lot simply with their passion and drive. Investors look for these qualities as well as credentials of the management team to gauge how far they can take the business and live up to their promise. It is important that the management team has the capability to mobilize the funds and derive optimal resource performance; to convert the business plan into hard figures. They should prove their worth not just by coming up with winning strategies but also by executing them efficiently and effectively to get the desired output.
4. Business Scalability- Plausible investments occur when a business is anticipated to be a global performer. It is important for investors that the innovation or idea they are investing in is scalable and has the potential to grow across geographies, so it can reap the maximum returns.
5. Leveraging technology- In today’s era, technology offers a competitive edge to any business that uses it effectively. It gives businesses the cutting edge to accomplish their long-term vision faster and better and gives them a definite lead in the market. From an investor’s perspective, if they have to choose between a business running in a traditional manner and one that bases its operations and decisions based on technology, the latter will be a clear winner. After all, the effective use of technology is a common factor between all leading global companies the world over.
6. Exit strategy – Last but not the least, a clear-cut exit strategy is a crucial parameter, on which several businesses fail and investors reject even the most innovative ideas. Unless the company has a proper exit strategy chalked out, investors will not be interested in investing because that is the moment of truth for them; the stage where they get to encash the benefits they have reaped on their investment.

Conclusion:

Investing millions of dollars on a business is not an easy decision and the options need to be weighed very carefully. It requires that investors take the decision keeping in mind a host of factors related to the overall economy, high growth or high potential growth sectors as well as those related to deciding which company to put their money in.

Though certainly high risk translates into high returns when it comes to business, no investor would want to see their investment go in vain.